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Sahu sir MCI NURSING INSTITUTE KOTA M.Sc.In Psychiatry

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Sahu sir MCI NURSING INSTITUTE KOTA M.Sc.In Psychiatry
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NCLEX PRACTICE FOR RESEARCH-2

Sahu sir MCI NURSING INSTITUTE KOTA M.Sc.In Psychiatry

1. What is the purpose of grounded theory?

A. To support theoretical frameworks
B. To generate theory from data
C. To develop explanatory models
D. To find significant differences among groups of people

2. Why is it important to understand the philosophy underlying each type of research?

A. Conclusions reached should be congruent with the research question.
B. The research method that best meets intended purpose of the study should be used.
C. The paradigm of the method should be the same as that of the researcher.
D. The reader should understand the level of abstraction of the study.

3. Which conceptual analysis point of the framework for rigor used for interpretive phenomenology refers to how the study findings will continue to have meaning for the reader?

A. Resonance
B. Concreteness
C. Actualization
D. Openness

4. Which question will critique the sampling of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. What is the projected significance of the work to nursing?
C. Are the informants who were chosen appropriate to inform the research?
D. What are the philosophic underpinnings of the research method?

5. Which question will critique the method of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. What is the projected significance of the work to nursing?
C. Are the informants who were chosen appropriate to inform the research?
D. What are the philosophic underpinnings of the research method?

6. Which question will critique the purpose of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. What is the projected significance of the work to nursing?
C. Are the informants who were chosen appropriate to inform the research?
D. What are the philosophic underpinnings of the research method?

7.  Which question will critique the credibility of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. Does the researcher document the research process?
C. Are the researcher’s conceptualizations true to the data?
D. Has adequate time been allowed to understand fully the phenomenon?

8. Which question will critique the auditability of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. Does the researcher document the research process?
C. Are the researcher’s conceptualizations true to the data?
D. Has adequate time been allowed to fully understand the phenomenon?

9. Which question will critique the fittingness of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. Does the researcher document the research process?
C. Are the researcher’s conceptualizations true to the data?
D. Has adequate time been allowed to fully understand the phenomenon?

10. What are the uses of qualitative research methods? Select all that apply.

A. Guiding nursing practice
B. Studying the effects of nursing care on an outcome variable
C. Developing survey instruments
D. Developing nursing theory

11. What are scientific criteria appropriate for qualitative research? Select all that apply.

A. Auditability
B. Credibility
C. Fittingness
D. Reliability

12. What are ethical concerns for qualitative researchers? Select all that apply.

A. Because the study emerges over time, the researcher may not anticipate and inform the participants of a potential threat.
B. To maintain a naturalistic environment for interviews, formal documents such as consent forms are not used.
C. Because there are so few participants in a qualitative study, no participant can opt out of the study.
D. Because the researcher and participant interact over a period of time, relationships developed between them may change the focus of the interaction

13. Which of the following is most accurate regarding the grounded-theory method?

A. Data are collected using an etic perspective.
B. It is a process of constructing human experience.
C. Secondary sources are sometimes used.
D. It is an inductive approach.

14. What is the term used for the coding and clustering of data to form categories in the grounded-theory method?

A. Theoretical sampling
B. Constant-comparative method
C. Emic method
D. Metasynthesis

15. What is a characteristic of an intrinsic case study?

A. It yields a better understanding of each case.
B. It provides a foundation to challenge a generalization.
C. It does not include quantitative data.
D. It can scrutinize only uncomplicated phenomena.

16. What is a characteristic of metasynthesis?

A. It is useful for triangulating research.
B. It synthesizes critical masses of qualitative findings.
C. It leads to a higher reliability of research findings.
D. It cannot be conducted on historical or case study findings.

17. What is meant by the “fittingness” of a research study?

A. Truth of findings as judged by the participants
B. The appropriateness of the interview questions posed
C. Faithfulness to everyday reality of the participants
D. The adequacy of the coding system used

18. How can qualitative outcome analysis be used? Select all that apply.

A. To determine the reliability of intervention outcomes in a study
B. To confirm the applicability of clinical strategies
C. To develop interventions and then test those selected
D. To build theory

19. When critiquing a qualitative study, which of the following questions are helpful in determining the study’s auditability? Select all that apply.

A. Has adequate time been allowed to understand the phenomenon fully?
B. Can the reader follow the researcher’s thinking?
C. Are the results meaningful to individuals not involved in the research?
D. Does the researcher document the research process?

20. Which question is helpful in determining the study’s credibility?

A. Do the participants recognize the experience as their own?
B. What strategies were used to analyze the data?
C. How were human subjects protected?
D. Are the findings applicable outside the study situation?

Answers and Rationale

1. Answer: B. To generate theory from data

The grounded theory method refers to a qualitative approach of building theory about a phenomenon about which little is known.

2. Answer: B. The research method that best meets intended purpose of the study should be used.

Different research methods accomplish different goals and offer different types and levels of evidence that inform practice.

3. Answer: C. Actualization

4. Answer: C. Are the informants who were chosen appropriate to inform the research?

5. Answer: A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?

6. Answer: B. What is the projected significance of the work to nursing?

7. Answer: D. Has adequate time been allowed to understand fully the phenomenon?

8. Answer: B. Does the researcher document the research process?

9. Answer: A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?

10. Answer: A, C, D

11. Answer: A, B, C

12. Answer: A, D

13. Answer: D. It is an inductive approach.

Data are collected using the emic perspective (A). The grounded-theory method is a process of constructing theory from human experience (B). In grounded-theory only primary sources (the participants) are used (C).

14. Answer: B. Constant-comparative method

15. Answer: A. It yields a better understanding of each case.

An intrinsic case study is undertaken to have a better understanding of the case.

16. Answer: B. It synthesizes critical masses of qualitative findings.

17. Answer: C. Faithfulness to everyday reality of the participants

Credibility is the truth of findings as judged by the participants (A). Auditability assists the reader to judge the appropriateness of the interview questions posed (B). Auditability assists the reader to judge the adequacy of the coding system used (D).

18. Answer: B, C, D

19. Answer: B, C

20. Answer: A. Do the participants recognize the experience as their own?

NCLEX PRACTICE FOR RESEARCH

Sahu sir MCI NURSING INSTITUTE KOTA M.Sc.In Psychiatry

1. What should be included in “scholarly literature”? Select all that apply.

A. Research reports reported in primary sources only
B. Conceptual and theoreticalwww.mcinursing.com literature from primary sources only
C. Published and unpublished reports of research
D. Primary and secondary sources

2. Reviews of the literature are conducted for PURPOSES OF RESEARCH as well as for the CONSUMER OF RESEARCH. How are these reviews similar? Select all that apply.

A. Amount of literature required to be reviewed
B. Degree of critical reading required
C. Importance of conceptual literature
D. Purpose of the review

3. What are characteristics of the literature review required for a quantitative research study? Select all that apply.

A. The review is exhaustive and must include all studies conducted in the area
B. Doctoral dissertations and masters’ theses are excellent sources of information
C. Computer-accessed materials are acceptable
D. Primary sources are not as important as secondary sources

4. Which of the following is an example of a primary source in a research study?

A. A published commentary on the findings of another study
B. A doctoral dissertation that critiques all research in the area of attention deficit disorder
C. A textbook of medical-surgical nursing
D. A journal article about a study that used large, previously unpublished databases generated by the United States census

5. What is the best source to use when conducting a level I systematic meta-analysis of the literature?

A. An electronic database
B. Doctoral dissertations
C. The Cochrane Statistical Methods
D. An electronic database and Doctoral dissertations

6. What is a characteristic of an audio recording of an unpublished research study reported at a professional conference?

A. Databased literature
B. Secondary Sources
C. Are more difficult to analyze than written reports.
D. Are not useful because they are not published

7. What is the first step in the qualitative research process?

A. Data analysis
B. Sample
C. Review of literature
D. Study design

8. Which mode of clinical application for qualitative research is considered to be the sharing of qualitative findings with the patient?

A. Insight or empathy
B. Anticipatory guidance
C. Assessment of status or progress
D. Coaching

9. Which research process steps may be noted in an article’s abstract? Select all that apply.

A. Identifying the phenomenon
B. Research question study purpose
C. Literature review
D. Design
E. Sample
F. Legal-ethical issues
G. Data-collection procedure

10. What does a level-of-evidence model use to evaluate the strength of a research study and its findings? Select all that apply.

A. Creativity
B. Quality
C. Quantity
D. Consistency
E. Efficiency

11. What are the critiquing criteria used to judge the worth of a research study? Select all that apply.

A. Measures
B. Objectives
C. Standards
D. Effectiveness
E. Evaluation guides
F. Questions

12. Which statement best describes qualitative research? Select all that apply.

A. Studies are conducted in natural settings.
B. Data are collected from a large number of subjects.
C. Data collected tend to be numeric.
D. The research design is systematic and subjective.

13. What does a critique of a research study always include? Select all that apply.

A. Determining its strengths and weaknesses
B. Researching similar studies
C. Using critical reading skills
D. Explaining your own personal opinions

14. For which of the following research questions would qualitative methods be most appropriate?

A. Which pain medications decrease the need for sleep medication in elderly patients?
B. What is the meaning of health for migrant farm-worker women?
C. Under what conditions does a decubitus ulcer heal most quickly?
D. How does frequency of medication administration impact the degree of pain experienced following knee replacement surgery?

15. Which of the following phrases would be found in a report of a qualitative study?

A. “The hypothesis of this study is?”
B. “Perceived pain was measured using the Abbott pain scale?”
C. “The control group received no instruction?”
D. “Subjects were asked to relate their perceptions of pain?”

16. Which of the following phrases would be found in a report of a quantitative study?

A. “A convenience sample was chosen?”
B. “The phenomenon studied was?”
C. “Data were analyzed and interpreted?”
D. “Researchers sought to explore the meaning of the hospital experience?”

17. Which of the following hypotheses are indicative of an experimental research design? Select all that apply.

A. Frequent irrigation of Foley catheters will be positively related to urinary tract infections.
B. The incidence of urinary tract infections will be greater in patients whose Foley catheters are irrigated frequently than in those whose Foley catheters are irrigated less frequently.
C. Frequent irrigation of Foley catheters is associated with urinary tract infections.
D. The incidence of urinary tract infections will not differ between patients with or without Foley catheters.

18. Which statements are part of the criteria used to judge the soundness of a stated research question? Select all that apply.

A. A relationship between two or more variables
B. An operational definition of each variable
C. The nature of the population being tested
D. The possibility of empirical testing

19. Which criteria are used to determine testability of a hypothesis? Select all that apply.

A. Use of quantifiable words such as greater than or less than
B. A hypothesis stated in such a way that it can be clearly supported or not supported
C. The use of value-laden words in a hypothesis
D. Data-collection efforts that prove the validity of the hypothesis

20. What are the advantages to using directional hypotheses? Select all that apply.

A. The indication of the use of a theory base to derive the hypothesis
B. The provision of a specific theoretical frame of reference
C. Ensurance that findings will be generalizable
D. The indication of a nonbiased selection of subjects

Answers and Rationale

1. Answer: C, D

2. Answer: B, C

3. Answer: B, C

4. Answer: D. A journal article about a study that used large, previously unpublished databases generated by the United States census

This is a report of an original study, so it is the primary source of the study.

5. Answer: C. The Cochrane Statistical Methods

6. Answer: A. Databased literature

Audio and video recordings of research presentations are examples of databased literature.

7. Answer: C. Review of literature

Review of literature is the 1st step in the qualitative research process. Data analysis is the sixth step in the qualitative research process. Sampling is the third step in the qualitative research process. The study design is the second step in the qualitative research process.

8. Answer: B. Anticipatory guidance

Anticipatory guidance is the sharing of qualitative findings with the patient. Other options are not considered to be the sharing of qualitative findings with the patient.

9. Answer: A, B, D

10. Answer: B, C, D

11. Answer: A, C, E, F

12. Answer: A, D

13. Answer: A, C

14. Answer: B. What is the meaning of health for migrant farm-worker women?

This question seeks to explore a phenomenon (health) for a specific population.

15. Answer: D. “Subjects were asked to relate their perceptions of pain?”

Data collected were perceptions of pain, not numeric data. Other options are found in a report of a quantitative study.

16. Answer: A. “A convenience sample was chosen?”

When a sample of convenience is chosen, the study is a quantitative study. Qualitative studies explore phenomena. Data collected in qualitative studies are “interpreted.” Qualitative studies explore the meaning of human experience.

17. Answer: B, D

18. Answer: A, C, D

19. Answer: A, B

Quantifiable words increase the testability of a hypothesis (A). The more clearly the hypothesis is stated, the easier it will be to accept or reject it based on study findings (B). Hypotheses should not have value-laden words (C). Data-collection processes are not part of the criterion used to evaluate the testability of hypotheses (D).

20. Answer: A, B

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